푸자 실왈

Author: Puja Silwal

중국의 해외 직접 투자 정책: 공동 발전을 위한 시작

중국 경제의 급속한 발전으로 중국은 세계에서 가장 많은 해외 직접 투자(FDI)를 유치한 국가 중 하나가 되었습니다. 2012년에는 중국이 세계 최대의 FDI 수혜국 중 하나로 자리 잡았습니다. 점차적으로 중국은 일대일로(Belt and Road Initiative)를 활용하여 해외 직접 투자(OFDI)를 통해 양방향 투자 프로세스를 채택하기 시작했습니다. 해외 직접 투자(OFDI) 규모측면에서 중국은 세계 4위에 위치하며, 향후에도 지속적인 성장이 예상됩니다. 화웨이(Huawei)와 중국 통신(China Telecommunication)과 같은 중국의 주요 국유기업(SOE)은 이러한 투자의 중심에 있으며, 중국의 해외 직접 투자는 매년증가하여 현재 약 1,800억 달러에 달하고 있습니다. FDI는 GDP 성장률 상승, 생산성 증가, 국내 기업 간접 기여, 역동적인제조업 부문 창출 등 여러 측면에서 중국에 영향을 미쳤습니다.

중국의 해외 직접 투자는 개혁개방 이후 시작되었습니다. 2000년대에 들어서야 중국은 기업 경쟁력 강화와 제도적 지원 체계를 바탕으로 ‘해외 진출(go-out) 정책’을 본격적으로 시행했습니다. 초기에는 무역 균형을 맞추는 것을 목표로 했으나, 경제 위기 시기에도 발전을 지원하는 강력한 전략으로 자리 잡았습니다. 초기에는 중국의 해외 투자 유입이 손실을 겪는 어려움에 직면했으나, 이후 이 정책은 공동 발전을 위한 독창적인 주도적 계획으로 자리매김했습니다.

공동 투자와 정책에 대한 이 독창적인 아이디어는 현재 세계가 추구하는 집단적 발전의 훌륭한 본보기가 될 수 있습니다. 중국의 해외 직접 투자(OFDI)가 가진 독특한 특징으로는 지리적 분포의 균형, 무역, 자원 추출, 가공, 제조, 운송, 통신 등 특정 분야에 초점을 맞춘 투자 등이 있습니다.

아프리카 국가들의 발전과 성장은 공동 이익과 상생 협력을 기반으로 한 집단주의의 진정한 아이디어를 반영합니다. 중국은더욱 투명한 법적 체계와 비즈니스 환경을 도입했으며, 시대의 요구에 따라 법률을 개정했습니다. 또한 국유화 비율을 줄이고 구조 조정을 위한 프로그램을 시작했습니다.

이러한 해외 투자 정책은 네팔에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있습니다. 이웃 국가로서의 관계와 네팔 내 다양한 성장 기회를고려하여 중국은 네팔에서의 해외 투자를 점차 확대해 왔습니다. FDI를 장려하는 것은 네팔 정부의 오랜 최우선 과제 중하나이기도 합니다. 제조 및 생산 분야에서의 협력과 개발은 네팔의 현재 상황을 개선하는 데 크게 기여할 수 있으며, 이를위해 해외 직접 투자를 통한 공동 발전 개념이 반드시 필요합니다. 양국이 서로의 필요와 욕구를 이해하고 투자를 확대한다면, 협력을 강화하고 상생관계를 구축할 수 있을 것입니다.

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